Taiwan is an island nation of about 36,000 square kilometers located off the coast of southeastern China, southwest of Okinawa and north of the Philippines. The island is governed by the Republic of China or ROC. Shaped roughly like a sweet potato, the nation is home to more than 22 million people and is one of the most densely populated places in the world. Besides its crowded cities and friendly people, Taiwan is also known for steep mountains and lush forests. In addition to the island of Taiwan, the Republic of China also governs the Pescadores (Penghu), Quemoy (Kinmen/Jinmen), and Matsu. Taiwan has many large cities and towns. Below is a list of nine of the most notable. Other cities are listed under their specific regional section. <br /> Taipei - the capital of TaiwanTaipei is the seat of government of the Republic of China and its center of commerce and culture. Taipei is home to the world&#39;s currently tallest skyscraper, Taipei 101. <br /> Hsinchu is a center of hi-tech industry, and one of the world&#39;s leading manufacturers of hi-tech components. Hsinchu Science Park is the home to many hi-tech companies. Hualien is located near Taroko Gorge, and is considered one of the most pleasant of Taiwan&#39;s cities. <br /> Jiufen this former gold mining town located on the northeast coast is now a popular tourist destination. Kaohsiung is the second-largest city on the island. It has one of the busiest sea ports (the Port of Kaohsiung) in the world and it has the island&#39;s second-largest airport, Kaohsiung International Airport (KHH). <br /> Keelung is the a center of transshipment in the north, and is located about a thirty minute drive from downtown Taipei. Puli is located at the geographical center of the island, and it serves as a good base for exploring the central mountains and Sun Moon Lake. Taichung is the third largest city in Taiwan, and has an abundance of interesting cultural amenities and activities. <br /> Tainan is the oldest city in Taiwan and was the capital during imperial times. It is famous for its historic buildings and snack food.